A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique alphanumeric string that identifies content and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet. The publisher assigns a DOI when the article is published and made available electronically.

Where to find DOI?

• First page of the electronic journal article
• Near the copyright notice
• Database landing page for an article
• In the citation generated by the database
• Online, using the free DOI lookup on www.crossref.org

Not all articles or journals use DOIs. if you can't find a DOI you can use the persistent (or permanent, or stable) link url in your citation instead.

Some citation styles (such as APA) require DOI for referencing articles from electronic databases.

Please Ask Us if you need more help or contact your Subject Librarian.